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Kinishba Ruins
Kinishba Ruins is a 600-room Mogollon great house archaeological site in eastern Arizona and is administered by the White Mountain Apache Tribe. It is located on the present-day Fort Apache Indian Reservation, in the Apache village of Canyon Day. As it demonstrates a combination of both Mogollon and Ancestral Puebloan cultural traits, archaeologists consider it part of the historical lineage of both the Hopi and Zuni cultures.〔(Welch, John R. " 'A Monument to Native Civilization': Byron Cummings' Still-Unfolding Vision for Kinishba Ruins" ), ''Journal of the Southwest'' 49 (1): 1-94, 22 March 2007, at Highbeam, accessed 31 July 2011〕 It is designated as a National Historic Landmark.
Kinishba is above a pine-fringed alluvial valley, west of Fort Apache, in the White Mountain Apache Tribal community of Canyon Day. Long known to the Apache people of the region and alleged to have been visited by Conquistadors, the site was first written about in English in 1892, when pioneering archaeologist Adolph Bandelier described the ruins. In 1964, the NPS designated the site as a National Historic Landmark. It had long been abandoned and fallen into disrepair. The ruins received limited cleanup and restoration in 2005-2007.〔
Scholars believe that Kinishba may have been the pueblo ''Chiciticale'' referred to in narratives of the 1540–41 Spanish expedition led by Francisco Vásquez de Coronado.
==Etymology==
From 1931 to 1940, the archaeologist Dr. Byron Cummings, Director of the Arizona State Museum (and head of the Department of Archeology at the University of Arizona), led a team of archaeology students and local Apache field assistants over several seasons to excavate and restore Kinishba. He named the site, ''ki datbaa,'' derived from the Apache words meaning "brown house."
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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